The Role of Physiotherapy Methods in the Management and Prevention of Upper Extremity Injuries in Professional Pianists: A Scoping Review
Abstract
Background. Professional musicians are at significant risk of upper limb injuries, as prolonged practice and intensive playing increase the likelihood of musculoskeletal disorders and overuse injuries, particularly in pianists. Altenmüller and Kopiez (2010) demonstrated that chronic upper extremity injuries and pain syndromes resulting from intensive piano practice can be successfully treated using multimodal therapy, including physiotherapy, psychotherapy, and modifications of playing technique, enabling musicians to fully restore performance skills. However, there is a notable lack of scientific literature and knowledge regarding physiotherapy interventions for professional pianists, particularly concerning injury management and preventive strategies.
Aim. To obtain and compile current evidence on physiotherapy processes and methods used for the management and prevention of upper extremity injuries in professional pianists, and to explore the scope of available approaches in this field.
Methods. A scoping review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) methodology. A systematic search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, EBSCOhost, MEDLINE Ultimate, and ProQuest. Additional sources included books and relevant publications. The PCC framework was applied: Participants – pianists with piano-related upper extremity injuries; Concept – physiotherapy plans and methods for injury management and prevention; Context – clinical, educational, and home settings. Publications in English from the past 50 years were included.
Results. A scoping review on the management and prevention of upper extremity injuries in pianists included English-language publications from the past 50 years, along with additional relevant sources. Of 54 identified studies, 45 met the inclusion criteria. The findings indicate that primary risk factors are biomechanical overload, improper technique, and poor ergonomic habits.
Conclusions. Physiotherapy plays a significant role in both the management and prevention of upper extremity injuries in pianists. Injury management and prevention involve adhering to ergonomic principles, physiotherapy, and learning proper technique from an early age. Collaboration between educators and healthcare professionals is essential for the long-term health and career sustainability of pianists.
Keywords: Physiotherapy; injury prevention; musculoskeletal disorders; biomechanical overload injuries; isometric strength exercises
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