Reliability and Performance Correlates of Life-Size Reactive Agility Test in Netball Players

Authors

  • Fitry Azrul bin Nor Saafri Faculty of Educational Sciences and Technology, University of Technology Malaysia, Sku; Jabatan Belia dan Sukan Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur
    Malaysia
  • Halijah binti Ibrahi Faculty of Educational Sciences and Technology, University of Technology Malaysia, Skudai; Jabatan Belia dan Sukan Wilayah Persekutuan Kuala Lumpur, Kuala Lumpur
    Malaysia

Abstract

Reactive agility is an important component in many team sports, with human stimulus considered more realistic for performance assessment than video- or light-based stimulus testing. This study aimed to evaluate the reliability of a newly adopted netball specific Life-Size Reactive Agility Test (LSRAT), and to determine the correlation between action accuracy and total time. Twenty young female netball players, mean age = 15.1 ± 1.7 years, completed two test conditions using a live tester with netball-specific movements: (a) the tester acted as an opponent by delivering an offensive stimulus for the subject to react to; and (b) the tester acted as a teammate by delivering a ball pass as a stimulus to which the subject had to react by receiving the pass. Results showed very high reliability for total time in both test conditions, with Pearson’s correlation coefficient (Pearson’s r) values of 0.90–0.94, and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) values of 0.91–0.93. However, action accuracy for both subjects and testers yielded moderate to low Pearson’s r and ICC values across both test conditions. The usefulness of the test in detecting moderate performance changes was evaluated as ‘good’ for the total time in both test conditions. In contrast, subject action accuracy was rated from ‘good’ to ‘marginal’, while tester action accuracy was rated as ‘marginal’ in both test conditions. In conclusion, the LSRAT is a reliable tool for measuring reactive agility in netball players while action accuracy measures may require further refinement for optimal utility in coaching and research.

Keywords: Netball, reactive agility, decision making, reactive agility testing, speed

References

Alim, A., Tomoliyus, Refiater, U. H., & Gani, I. (2023). Sensor-based reactive agility measurement tool for net game group sports: Content validity. Retos, 51, 167–171. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v51.100564 DOI: https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v51.100564

Altmann, S., Neumann, R., Ringhof, S., Rumpf, M. C., & Woll, A. (2020). Soccer-specific agility: Reliability of a newly developed test and correlates of performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 36(5), 1410–1416. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003635 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003635

Altmann, S., Ringhof, S., Neumann, R., Woll, A., & Rumpf, M. C. (2019). Validity and reliability of speed tests used in soccer: A systematic review. PLoS ONE, 14(8), 1–38. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220982 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0220982

Altmann, S., Spielmann, M., Engel, F. A., Neumann, R., Ringhof, S., Oriwol, D., & Haertel, S. (2017). Validity of single-beam timing lights at different heights. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(7), 1994–1999. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001889 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000001889

Atkinson, G., & Nevill, A. M. (1998). Statistical methods for assessing measurement error (reliability) in variables relevant to sports medicine. Sports Medicine, 26(4), 217–238. https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199826040-00002 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2165/00007256-199826040-00002

Chaalali, A., Rouissi, M., Chtara, M., Owen, A., Bragazzi, N. L., Moalla, W., Chaouachi, A., Amri, M., & Chamari, K. (2016). Agility training in young elite soccer players: Promising results compared to change of direction drills. Biology of Sport, 33(4), 345–351. https://doi.org/10.5604/20831862.1217924 DOI: https://doi.org/10.5604/20831862.1217924

Dugdale, J. H., Sanders, D., & Hunter, A. M. (2020). Reliability of change of direction and agility assessments in youth soccer players. Sports, 8(4), 2–11. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports8040051 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/sports8040051

Gabbett, T., & Benton, D. (2009). Reactive agility of rugby league players. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 12(1), 212–214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2007.08.011 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2007.08.011

Gabbett, T., Jenkins, D., & Abernethy, B. (2011). Relationships between physiological, anthropometric, and skill qualities and playing performance in professional rugby league players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29(15), 1655–1664. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2011.610346 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2011.610346

Gabbett, T., Kelly, J., & Sheppard, J. (2008). Speed, change of direction speed, and reactive agility of rugby league players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 22(1), 174–181. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31815ef700 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e31815ef700

Hassan, A. K., Alhumaid, M. M., & Hamad, B. E. (2022). The effect of using reactive agility exercises with the FITLIGHT training system on the speed of visual reaction time and dribbling skill of basketball players. Sports, 10(11), 176–193. https://doi.org/10.3390/sports10110176 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/sports10110176

Hoffman, J. R. (2020). Evaluation of a reactive agility assessment device in youth football players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 34(12), 3311–3315. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003867 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000003867

Landis, J. R., & Koch, G. G. (1977). The measurement of observer agreement for categorical data. Biometrics, 33(1), 159–174. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2307/2529310 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/2529310

Meir, R., Holding, R., & Hetherington, J. (2014). Impact of the two-handed rugby ball carry on change of direction speed and reactive agility: Implications for sport specific testing. International Journal of Sports Science and Coaching, 9(5), 1181–1190. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1260/1747-9541.9.5.1181 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1260/1747-9541.9.5.1181

Mulyadi, R. W. M., Tomoliyus, Alim, A., Rismayanthi, C., Nugroho, W., Wiedarjati, D. K., & Yulianto, W. D. (2024). Validity and reliability of technology-based reactive agility tennis test (RATT). Retos, 60, 534–538. https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v60.107975 DOI: https://doi.org/10.47197/retos.v60.107975

Paprancová, A., Paška, Ľ., Krčmár, M., Czaková, N., & Novotka, F. (2024). Factors influencing reactive agility in male football players. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 24(9), 1171–1176. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2024.09241 DOI: https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2024.09241

Paul, D. J., Gabbett, T. J., & Nassis, G. P. (2016). Agility in team sports: Testing, training and factors affecting performance. Sports Medicine, 46(3), 421–442. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0428-2 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-015-0428-2

Perić, I., Gilić, B., & Sekulić, D. (2021). Investigating reliability and validity of the tests of change of direction and reactive agility in patients after knee surgery. Sports Science and Health, 11(2), 175–181. https://doi.org/10.7251/SSH2102175P DOI: https://doi.org/10.7251/SSH2102175P

Popowczak, M., Domaradzki, J., Rokita, A., Zwierko, M., & Zwierko, T. (2020). Predicting visual-motor performance in a reactive agility task from selected demographic, training, anthropometric, and functional variables in adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(15), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155322 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17155322

Sattler, T., Sekulić, D., Spasić, M., Perić, M., Krolo, A., Uljević, O., & Kondrič, M. (2015). Analysis of the association between motor and anthropometric variables with change of direction speed and reactive agility performance. Journal of Human Kinetics, 47(1), 137–145. https://doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2015-0069 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1515/hukin-2015-0069

Scanlan, A., Humphries, B., Tucker, P. S., & Dalbo, V. (2014). The influence of physical and cognitive factors on reactive agility performance in men basketball players. Journal of Sports Sciences, 32(4), 367–374. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2013.825730 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2013.825730

Scanlan, A., Tucker, P., & Dalbo, V. (2014). A Comparison of linear speed, closed-skill agility, and open-skill agility qualities between backcourt and frontcourt adult semiprofessional male basketball players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 28(5), 1319–1327. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000276 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0000000000000276

Scanlan, A., Tucker, P., & Dalbo, V. (2015). The importance of open- and closed-skill agility for team selection of adult male basketball players. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness, 55(5), 390–396.

Sheppard, J., & Young, W. (2006). Agility literature review: Classifications, training and testing. Journal of Sports Sciences, 24(9), 919–932. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410500457109 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/02640410500457109

Sheppard, J., Young, W., Doyle, T., Sheppard, T., & Newton, R. (2006). An evaluation of a new test of reactive agility and its relationship to sprint speed and change of direction speed. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 9(4), 342–349. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2006.05.019 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2006.05.019

Trajković, N., Sporiš, G., Krističević, T., Madić, D. M., & Bogataj, Š. (2020). The importance of reactive agility tests in differentiating adolescent soccer players. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(11), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113839 DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113839

Trecroci, A., Longo, S., Perri, E., Iaia, F. M., & Alberti, G. (2018). Field-based physical performance of elite and sub-elite middle-adolescent soccer players. Research in Sports Medicine, 27(1), 60–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/15438627.2018.1504217 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15438627.2018.1504217

Trecroci, A., Milanović, Z., Rossi, A., Broggi, M., Formenti, D., & Alberti, G. (2016). Agility profile in sub-elite under-11 soccer players: Is SAQ training adequate to improve sprint, change of direction speed and reactive agility performance? Research in Sports Medicine, 24(4), 331–340. https://doi.org/10.1080/15438627.2016.1228063 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/15438627.2016.1228063

Veale, J., Pearce, A., & Carlson, J. (2010). Reliability and validity of a reactive agility test for Australian football. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 5(2), 239–248. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.5.2.239 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.5.2.239

World Netball (n.d.). Rules of netball 2024 edition. https://netball.sport/game/the-rules-of-netball/

Young, W. B., & Willey, B. (2010). Analysis of a reactive agility field test. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport, 13(3), 376–378. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2009.05.006 DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2009.05.006

Young, W., Farrow, D., Pyne, D., McGregor, W., & Handke, T. (2011). Validity and reliability of agility tests in junior Australian football players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 25(12), 3399–3403. https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318215fa1c DOI: https://doi.org/10.1519/JSC.0b013e318215fa1c

Zeljko, I., Gilic, B., & Sekulic, D. (2020). Validity, reliability and correlates of futsal-specific pre-planned and non-planned agility testing protocols. Kinesiologia Slovenica, 26(2), 25–34. https://doi.org/10.52165/kinsi.26.2.25-34 DOI: https://doi.org/10.52165/kinsi.26.2.25-34

Zwierko, M., Jedziniak, W., Popowczak, M., & Rokita, A. (2022). Reactive Agility in competitive young volleyball players: A gender comparison of perceptual-cognitive and motor determinants. Journal of Human Kinetics, 85(1), 87–96. https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2022-0112 DOI: https://doi.org/10.2478/hukin-2022-0112

Downloads

Published

2026-06-16

Issue

Section

Social Sciences in Sport

How to Cite

Reliability and Performance Correlates of Life-Size Reactive Agility Test in Netball Players. (2026). Baltic Journal of Sport and Health Sciences, 2(139), 20-31. https://doi.org/10.33607/bjshs.v2i139.2135