Pre-Training Hydration Status of Well- Trained Soccer Players in Moderate Temperature Autumn and Cool Winter

Abstract

Background.  Pre-training  hydration  status  is  considered  a  factor  influencing  efficacy  of  training.  Research
literature  does  not  contain  data  regarding  the  potential  impact  of  natural  alternation  of  seasons  on  pre-training
hydration status in athletes. The purpose of this study was to assess and compare pre-training hydration status in
well-trained male soccer (football) players in moderate temperate autumn and cold winter.
Methods. Research participants were 57 male soccer players from two Latvian First League teams, who were
studied prior to their ordinary training session. Participants provided a midstream urine sample for analysis of urine
specific gravity (USG), and their body mass (kg), body fat percentage and total body water percentage were measured.
Results. Pre-training hydration status did not differ in moderate temperature autumn (mean USG 1.020 ± 0.010;
mean total body water 64.2 ± 2.9%) in cold winter (mean USG 1.020 ± 0.008; mean total body water 64.8 ± 2.7%;
for both parameters p > .05). Prevalence of hypohydration and serious hypohydration (defined as USG 1.021 – 1.030
and USG > 1.030, respectively) was similar in moderate temperate autumn (47.4%) and cold winter (60%), (χ 2  =
1.50; p > .05). Significant correlation between the within-subject USG values measured in moderate temperate and
cold environment was observed (r = .60, p = .009).
Conclusion. In well-trained soccer players pre-training hydration status does not differ in moderate temperature
autumn and cold winter. Individual-related factors such as nutritional behaviour (including pattern of voluntary fluid
intake) may have stronger impact on hydration status than environment-related factors like natural alternation of  seasons.

Keywords: hydration status, football, environmental temperature, autumn, winter.